What Are the Three Branches of US Government

The United States has three branches of government: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. Each of these branches has a distinct and essential role in the function of the government, and they were established in Articles 1 (legislative), 2 (executive) and 3 (judicial) of the U.S. Constitution. The Executive Branch The executive branch consists of the president, vice president and 15 Cabinet-level departments such as State, Defense, Interior, Transportation, and Education. The primary power of the executive branch rests with the president, who chooses his vice president, and his Cabinet members who head the respective departments. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States political and economic interests around the world. The President The president leads American people and the federal government. He or she also acts as the head of state, and as Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is responsible for formulating the nation’s foreign and domestic policy and for developing the annual federal operating budget with the approval of Congress. The president is freely elected by the people through the Electoral College system. The president serves a four-year term in office and can be elected no more than twice. The Vice President The vice president assists and advises the president, and must be ready at all times to assume the presidency in the event of the president’s death, resignation, or temporary incapacitation. The Vice President also serves as the President of the United States Senate, where he or she casts the deciding vote in the case of a tie. The vice president is elected along with the president as a â€Å"running mate† and can be elected and serve an unlimited number of four-year under multiple presidents. The Cabinet The President’s Cabinet serves as advisors to the president. They include the vice president, the heads of the 15 executive departments, and other high-ranking government officials. Each Cabinet member also holds a spot in the presidential line of succession. After the Vice President, Speaker of the House, and President pro tempore of the Senate, the line of succession continues with the Cabinet offices in the order in which the departments were created. With the exception of the vice president, Cabinet members are nominated by the president and must be approved by a simple majority of the Senate. The Legislative Branch The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Congress. There are 100 senators; each state has two. Each state has a different number of representatives, with the number determined by the states population, through a process known as apportionment. At present, there are 435 members of the House. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nations laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U.S. states. The Judicial Branch The judicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Under the Supreme Courts constitutional jurisdiction, its primary function is to hear cases that challenge the constitutionality of legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court has nine Justices, who are nominated by the president and must be confirmed by a simple majority vote of the Senate. Once appointed, Supreme Court justices serve until they retire, resign, die or are impeached. The lower federal courts also decide cases dealing with the constitutionality of laws, as well as cases involving the laws and treaties of the U.S. ambassadors and public ministers, disputes between two or more states, admiralty law, also known as maritime law, and bankruptcy cases. Decisions of the lower federal courts can be and often are appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Checks and Balances Why are there three separate and distinct branches of government, each with a different function? The framers of the Constitution did not wish to return to the totalitarian system of governance imposed on colonial America by the British government. To ensure that no single person or entity had a monopoly on power, the Founding Fathers designed and instituted a system of checks and balances. The presidents power is checked by the Congress, which can refuse to confirm his appointees, for example, and has the power to impeach or remove, a president. Congress may pass laws, but the president has the power to veto them (Congress, in turn, may override a veto). And the Supreme Court can rule on the constitutionality of a law, but Congress, with approval from two-thirds of the states, may amend the Constitution.

International Business Machines ( Ibm ) Case Study

International Business Machines (IBM) Case Study In 1990, IBM was the second most profitable company in the world. It recorded a net income of $6 billion on revenues of $69 billion. Even though IBM recorded such high revenues and the senior executives complacent because things seemed to be better there were uprising problems in the company (Applegate, Austin Collins, 2009). There were serious structural problems within the company. These structural problems caused the company’s earnings to drop. In between 1991- 1993 the earnings dropped continually. Some of the problems the company faced came from its blindness to hubris (Applegate, Austin Collins, 2009). The company also barely communicated with its customers. The company also got distracted by internal turf wars than market place battles. The PC group considered the rest of IBM outdated and wanted nothing to do with them. Over time the business matured and the PC group could not leverage the sales and global services strengths of the company (Applegate, Austin Collins, 2009). Executives ignored the growing problems in the organization; instead they focused on the deep levels of hierarchy. They also ignored the upcoming problems because they heavily relied on the large numbers of corporate staff. The leaders had large staffs and little direct involvement in writing their own reports. It displayed poor performance in the structure of the company. The executive managers had a consensus- driven decision- making cultureShow MoreRelatedIbm: an Industry Example of a Transition from Product to Service Base1140 Words   |  5 Pages2 IBM: An industry example of a transition from product to service base 2.1 Brief history of IBM and story of its downward spiral IBM stands for â€Å"International Business Machine† and was incorporated in 1924 focusing on delivering ‘products’ in the form of punch tabulated machine until it became the biggest and most successful business PC and mainframe manufacturer in world circa 1980’s. At this time IBM stock price once shot up until USD43 per unit [1]. However by the end of 80’s, the softwareRead MoreIbm s Global Management Strategy1110 Words   |  5 Pages IBM s GLOBAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Assignment 1 9/29/2014 Monica Singh Yadav MET AD 715 Decision Making Professor: Vladimir Zlatev Table of Contents Executive summary................................................................................................3 Introduction............................................................................................................4 IBM s journey to a globally integrated enterprise........................................Read MoreCase Study About Ibm1323 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Business Machines- 2007 Case Study Reported By: ALARCON, Lyanne V. CRUZIN, Richelle Ann DIA, Minette SACE, Carla I. Introduction IBM was founded in 1888 as Herman Hollerith and the Tabulating Machine. It was incorporated in 1911 as â€Å"Computing-Tabulating Recording Co.† The company later changed its name to International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation in 1924 after becoming a Fortune 500 Company. Also known as â€Å"Big Blue,† IBM has won severalRead MoreIbm Corporation : My Developerworks Case Study1698 Words   |  7 Pages (IBM Corporation, 2014) Title – IBM Corporation: My developerWorks Case Study Date – 9/15/2014 Name – Pawankumar Sharma CRITICAL FACTS: †¢ International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American integrated technology and consulting company founded by Thomas J. Watson and Charles R. Flint on June 16, 1911. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ Headquartered in Armonk, New York. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ IBM is a 400,000 strong employee organization working with clients in 170 countries thus makingRead MoreIbm Corporation : My Developerworks Case Study1698 Words   |  7 Pages (IBM Corporation, 2014) Title – IBM Corporation: My developerWorks Case Study Date – 9/15/2014 Name – Pawankumar Sharma CRITICAL FACTS: †¢ International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American integrated technology and consulting company founded by Thomas J. Watson and Charles R. Flint on June 16, 1911. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ Headquartered in Armonk, New York. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ IBM is a 400,000 strong employee organization working with clients in 170 countries thus makingRead MoreIbm Case Study Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesIBM in the 21st Century: The Coming of Globally Integrated Enterprise (Case Study) By: Shareeki Smith Boston University IBM in the 21st Century: The Coming of the Globally Integrated Enterprise, HBS case 9-308-105, October 7, 2009 Abstract In this Case Study, IBM illustrates a great example of taking a company to a global level by providing great leadership and making great decisions. IBM was able to notice their opportunity to provide their services outside the US and put together aRead MoreIbm Case Study1904 Words   |  8 PagesCompetitive Position of IT Company: International Business Machines (IBM) Case Study I. Introduction: The Company that has been chosen for this case study is International Business Machines abbreviated IBM. This company was founded by Herman Hollerith in 1896 as the Tabulating Machine Company. It was later incorporated as the Computing Tabulating and Recording Corporation on June 16 1911. The Company was listed in the New York Stock Exchange in 1916 and one year later the Canadian and SouthRead MoreNcr Case Analysis : Ncr Corporation1262 Words   |  6 PagesNCR in Scotland Case Study NCR set up its subsidiary in Dundee in 1946 as part of a wave of inward investment in Europe by major American multinational companies. The incentives had come from various European governments, coupled with the Marshall Aid Plan, a brain child of General George Marshall, who aimed to revive Europe’s economy after the ravages of the World War II. NCR as a whole has about 38,000 employees worldwide. The Dundee subsidiary employs around 1,500 people of whom about 100 areRead MoreThe Influences of Globalization Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves into another culture virtually at the speed of light. Understanding of different societies and cultures has become one of the leading processes of business. Primarily there has been a greater focus on understanding the various cultures because of its ability to affect business on a global scale. Nevertheless, organization such as IBM, McDonald’s and Coca-Cola seem to have grass the understanding of the great importance i n dealing with unlike cultures. By understanding the different culturesRead MoreBusiness Intelligence ( Bi ) And Business Analytics1308 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness intelligence (BI) and business analytics (BA) (sometimes used interchangeably) has revolutionized the way businesses use data and can be contrasted, for the purpose of this essay, in the following way: BI is raw data that has been transformed into meaningful information that provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environment, and BA uses data and statistical methods to provide actionable information for decision makers. BI explains what is happening

Impact of Jet free essay sample

The purpose of the impact of jet experiment is to design a system to determine the force generated by the impact of jet on a variety of target vanes. A formula is given to calculate the reaction force at the different vanes caused by the jet. At the end of the experiment, the data collected and results calculated will then be compared to theoretical values which are given. Students are expected to be able to come to a conclusion regarding the relationship between the reaction force produced at the target vanes and the angle where the shape of the vanes curve. 1. 1 INTRODUCTION There are many ways to produce mechanical work from fluid under pressure. One of the famous ways is to use the pressure to accelerate the fluid to a high velocity in a jet. Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the force that can be produced by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. This helps us to understand how forces can affect the change of momentum flow in the jet. The theoretical jet force can be calculated from the principle of linear momentum. The density of water is 1kg/L. The results obtained are to be compared with the theoretical values. To produce mechanical work from fluid under pressure, we use the pressure to accelerate the fluid to a high velocity in a jet. The application of this principle can be seen surrounding us. For example, water turbines are used to generate power in our country. Another example is that the kinetic energy stored in a jet is used by the firemen to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in tall buildings. And also, the pelton on wheel is used to make flour. 3. 0 APPARATUS i. HM150 impact of jet a) Loading weights b) Lever mechanism c) Deflector d) Nozzle e) Perspex vessel f) Drain connection g) Base plate. Inlet connection ii. Various deflector Plate Hemisphere Slope Cone iii. A set of weights iv. Stop watch 3. 1 PROCEDURES 1) A quick inspection is performed to ensure that the units is in proper operating condition. 2) A hose connection made and the unit is connected to the nearest power supply. 3) The discharge pipe is opened. 4) One of the deflectors (plate, hemisphere, slope or cone) is assembled. The three screws (3) on the cover (4) is loosen. The cover is removed together with the lever mechanism. 5) An appropriate deflector is fitted. The lock nut (2) on the rod is tightened. The cover is screwed back onto the vessel. Adjusting screw (5) is used to set pointer to zero (7). Any loading weights are not placed on measurement system when doing so. 7) The desired loading weight :0. 2N, 0. 3N, 1N, 2N, and 5N is applied. 8) The main clock is closed. 9) The pump is switched and the main cock is opened carefully until pointer is on zero again. 10) The drain cock is closed and the volumetric flow rate is determined by using stopwatch to establish time required for raising the level in the volumetric tank from 20 to 30 liters. 11) The pump is switched off and the drain is opened. In this experiment, hemisphere deflector has the lowest flow rate among the deflectors used. This indicates that hemisphere deflectors are the most efficient to be used in water turbines. The calculated forces for each deflector are different from the measured forces. The comparison between calculated force and measured force for each deflectors is stated in the table below : Example value :1 N Calculated force, Fth in N Measured force, F in N Plate 0. 67 1. 0 Hemisphere 0. 92 1. 0 Slope 2. 77 1. 0 Cone 1. 19 1. 0 To calculate the percentage of error: Percentage of error = Theoretically, the calculated force is supposed to be the same as the measured force. The percentage of error in this experiment ranged from 3% to 177%. The difference between the calculated force and measured force is due to some errors made throughout the experiment. For example, when setting the pointer, due to parallax error, the pointer may not be set to zero precisely. Next, when adjusting the main cock, error might be made. The main cock may not properly open thus causing the pointer not exactly at zero. Another possibility is that when measuring the water level raise from 10 L to 20 L, parallax error might occured. To improve the accuracy of this experiment,we may repeat the steps to get consistent values. In order to improve the errors, when setting the pointer, make sure the eye level is at the same level with the pointer to ensure it is set to zero accurately. Next, make sure the main cock is properly open by double checking it. Reading on volumetric tank should be on the water meniscus to avoid parallax error. We also must make sure the control valve is completely close before the pump is switched on in order to avoid intrusion of air into the pump. Entrapped air may reduce the exerted force of the jet. Conclusion In conclusion, the momentum equation is verified experimentally through this experiment. The calculated force is supposed to be the same as measured force. But in this experiment, the difference between the calculated force and the measured force may due to some errors made during the experiment. In this experiment, the hemisphere deflector has the lowest flow rate and takes longer time for the volumetric tank to rise from 10 L to 20 L compared to the other deflectors. Therefore hemisphere deflector is the most efficient to be used in water turbine.