Geography Coursework †Methodology †Centre Of Leeds’ CBD Free Essays

For my topography venture I visited Leeds to attempt to locate the monetary focal point of the CBD of Leeds. I expected to gather land use information as this would assist me with researching the first of my speculations which is the closer to the focal point of the CBD, the taller the structures as I included the statures of structures in my general vicinity on the topography field trip and with the gatherings information of the structure tallness of the entire CBD. Additionally I would have expected to consider the person on foot stream this would assist me with examining the second of my speculations which is there will be a higher volume of people on foot closer the focal point of the CBD . We will compose a custom article test on Topography Coursework †Methodology †Center Of Leeds’ CBD or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The information assortment territory was close to the focal point of Leeds CBD as I gathered my information around Briggate as the edge of the Leeds CBD is close to the tall places of business. a guide to show the structures that our gathering had included in our square B2 and shows numbered square The two bits of individual information that I gathered was: 1. traffic tally 2. Ecological quality appraisal The two bits of gathering information we gathered was: 1. Walker stream 2. Land use 3. Building stature The individual auxiliary information that I will gather is: 1. Land esteems The structure of the day was that we were going to part the day into equal parts. We gathered the gathering information toward the beginning of the day and the individual information toward the evening so we had substantially more an ideal opportunity to gather our individual information. Gathering information For our gathering information we split the CBD into network squares and two individuals were answerable for recording the structure tallness and land use for the structures in the given territory and to do four person on foot streams and we did the walkers stream outside the Town Hall on Westgate. We did this so we could cover more territory and along these lines the information assortment strategies must be the equivalent all through the entire year. For the gathering information we determined the Pedestrian stream in a specific territory at four distinct occasions likewise we determined of the structure tallness of the structures in my gatherings square and began straight after we got out off the mentor. Likewise we landed utilization of the structures for this we determined what specific utilize a structure would be. We put letters on a guide of Leeds that turf for sort of the structure for example a=commerce, b =administration and so forth. All the information in the Group Data was to be shared between all the gatherings. The picture on the left to shows my square which was B2 and the picture on the correct shows the structure we needed to explore Building Height To gather information for building tallness I worked with an accomplice and we tallied the quantity of windows of each working in our network and utilized this as the stature, we did this since we didn’t have the opportunity or gear to quantify the specific statures. We at that point gathered the entire of the year’s information and have a decent number of structures from every lattice to see where the tallest structures are likewise the Building Height was genuinely simple now and again as you needed to check the floors outwardly of the structures, however there were issues considering the structure stature we made a deal to avoid tallying the basements, yet a few structures on inclines had basements at the back and ground floors at the front of the structures and we didn't consent to tally these aswell. Walker stream We set apart out four focuses on our maps similarly inaccessible separated and took tallies of individuals who pass us. One of our pair checked option to left and the other tallied left to right so we could productively record everybody. We went to the Town Hall on Westgate and we tallied the quantity of people on foot who were strolling either in or out of the CBD. We thought this was a perfect to do our person on foot consider we were close to the edge of the CBD, so it was a perfect spot to check the quantity of people on foot strolling all through the CBD. Land Use For this we utilized the ground floor land utilization of each expanding on our maps; we had certain classes and we put them during the ones which best fitted the land use. We did this on the grounds that the classes gave a thought of the kind of land and what it was utilized for. We at that point gathered them with the remainder of the year’s information on a database to see the distinctive land utilizes around the CBD. We had filled in the land utilization of the structures in a table which has all the quantity of the structures. I feel that the measure of classifications that sort out the structures was the perfect sum supposing that there were more classifications it would have made it increasingly muddled to arrange the Land use on GIS, in the event that there was less classifications, at that point it would have made it difficult to compose the various kinds of structures in the classifications. Fortunately we had effectively had no issues ordering the structures into va rious classes. Singular information For singular information I gathered crude information for the two alternatives I picked. I did this by going round Leeds CBD and recording the information. In the second piece of the day we did Individual Data. I did 10 ecological quality evaluations and I did 2 traffic considers they took 5 minutes each and the natural quality appraisals were spread around the Leeds CBD. Demonstrating the entire guide of Leeds CBD Ecological quality study I did a significant number of these inside and out the CBD of Leeds as I had done 10 natural quality appraisals and I had done a large number of these close to the focal point of the CBD as my examination is to locate the focal point of the CBD of Leeds. I did a significant number of the ecological quality evaluations around the focal point of the CBD (which I think it is close or on Briggate) and I wrapped up of the natural quality appraisal sheets around the edges of the CBD. The explanation I did the review in various territories of the CBD was to see the distinction of the nature of the earth all through the CBD of Leeds. I likewise felt that this overview was significant as the focal point of the CBD should have the best nature of condition in the entire CBD of Leeds. As the table shows this isn't accurate and the cleanest territory is in Gourmet Pizzeria, St Paul’s Street. Shows the Quality of natural overview I utilized Traffic check Our gathering did the Traffic include in a bustling area. We did our traffic on Bishopgate Street, adjacent to Leeds Train station. The explanation of us picking the area was on the grounds that it was at the edge of the CBD meaning the traffic that we had included had been proceeding to out of the CBD. We did 3 traffic tallies at various occasions yet at a similar area as we needed to see the difference in the rush hour gridlock stream for the duration of the day. In our rush hour gridlock tally we had checked all the vehicles that came passed the street, vehicles, transports, taxis e.t.c. The most measure of traffic that had come past our point (the most noteworthy number of vehicles 60 minutes) was at 2.30 pm and there was 1524 Vehicles 60 minutes. Step by step instructions to refer to Geography Coursework †Methodology †Center Of Leeds’ CBD, Papers

Lidership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lidership - Essay Example If it's not too much trouble note that your last item will stay on record at WGU. Area: Graduate-Level Business Core Initiative Subdomain Subdomain 315.1 - Leadership (s0265) Competency 315.1.4: Team Development and Leadership The understudy comprehends the procedure of group improvement and authority. Objective 315.1.4-02 Describe how gatherings develop into groups. 315.1.4-04 Describe how to assemble trust among colleagues. 315.1.5-02 Describe the basic administration botches that lead to group disappointment. 315.1.5-03 Describe the regular issues for colleagues that lead to group disappointment. 315.1.5-05 Select the kind of group (guidance, creation, venture, activity) that is proper for a given circumstance. 315.1.5-06 Justify the determination of a specific sort of group (guidance, creation, venture, activity) for a given circumstance. Task Instructions Given: Case: Jeanne Lewis at Staples Inc. (An) (Abridged) Compose an article (5-7 pages) breaking down group building and group initiative as it identifies with the Jeanne Lewis case. A. There were various groups that advanced at Staples. 1. Recognize one case of the advancement of a group at Staples 2. Portray three (3) components that were available and essential for the advancement of that group. B. Describe the advancement of trust inside one of those groups by utilizing in any event three (3) rules for building trust among colleagues. C. There are various administration botches that can prompt group disappointment in an association. 1. Distinguish in any event four (4) regular administration botches that lead to group to disappointment; and, 2. Clarify whether any of those errors happened in Lewis' promoting group, utilizing a guide to help your clarification. D. There are various normal... A significant component that impacted the successful working of this center group can be assigned under Bartolomã ©'s main rule for building and keeping up trust- - correspondence. As per Professor Bartolomã ©, one needs to Keep colleagues and subordinates educated by clarifying arrangements and choices and giving exact criticism. Seeing Staples foundation, one sees that as indicated by Suesse, they [the author's center team] worked through practically every choice together, from the get-go building up the order to back up their instincts with hard information. Other significant rules for building trust among colleagues incorporate help, regard, reasonableness, consistency and capability. One can see regard in the common dynamic authority inside this group, decency in their eagerness to work through significant choices as equivalents, rather than a time span getting forced from above, and fitness in every part's quintessential demonstrable skill. One mix-up that Lewis made with her progress to the showcasing merger group fall under class number two: neglected to construct bunch union and trust. This is frequently an issue when a chief makes a parallel change into another office.

A Career in Medicine Essay -- Medicine College Admissions Essays

A Career in Medicine  My encounters at home have set me up for a vocation in medication I experienced childhood in a monetarily discouraged zone in San Francisco where my mom was a solitary parent. Growing up without a dad, I created fearlessness and a feeling of freedom at an early age. So as to help my mom monetarily, I emptied produce trucks during my years in secondary school. Subsequently, I couldn't appreciate a considerable lot of the exercises most adolescents appreciate. In any case, I am appreciative for the assurance and internal quality I created while beating the hardships I confronted.  In the wake of moving on from Lowell High School, I entered the University of California, Berkeley. The subject of sustenance intrigued me. Accordingly, I left upon a thorough course of study as a nourishment and nourishment science major. My first year at Berkeley was requesting scholastically. Nonetheless, the hardest impediment end up being the partition from my family. Luckily, I got incredible help from my friends and family during this p... ...s and to the comprehension of the maturing procedure.  My introduction to the clinical and research parts of medication have given me that a profession in medication includes an uncommon measure of penance. I will make the penances important to accomplish my objective to turn into a doctor and practice medication in my locale. The preliminaries I have confronted and the exercises I have picked up experiencing childhood in my locale will permit make an extraordinary commitment to the clinical calling and to the patients I serve. Â

The Importance of Travel, Trade and Colonialism in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe - Literature Essay Samples

Writing from a point of view that concludes that the novel, as a cultural artefact of bourgeois society, and imperialism are unthinkable without each other , Edward Said views Robinson Crusoe as explicitly enabled by an ideology of overseas expansion directly connected in style and form to the narratives of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century exploration voyages that laid the foundations of the great colonial empires. Alternatively, J Paul Hunter has analysed the effect of travel books on the origins of the novel and decided that The journey is usually, however, a structure of convenience movement through space means learning rather than a feature formally adapted from travel books [] the novel is a product of serious cultural thinking about comparative societies and the multiple nature in human nature . This view of the novel as being aware of the way it represents different societies and using travel as a function, is a way of reading Gullivers Travels that provides an insight in to the objects of Swifts satire. The difference between these two views highlights that these novels can be read from different perspectives, which do not necessarily provide a coherent and uniform picture. Ultimately, there are many forces which shape these novels, with the pursuits of travel, trade and colonialism being some of the most important, as they provided much of the dynamic for the society that was being reflected or critiqued.The initial reason for Robinson Crusoe travelling is that he is compelled to see the world. Although this means rebellion against his father and Gods providential designs, which have combined to provide him with a comfortable middle-class life in law, Crusoe is intent on travel. However, Crusoes desire to travel is motivated by the opportunities supplied by the nascent colonialism of the seventeenth-century. Crusoe displays very little interesting in simply seeing the world, he wants to prosper from what he finds and manipulate the legitimised, but not yet institutionalised, colonial practice of seizing gold and importing materials. In this respect, travel is simply a means for accumulating wealth, notwithstanding the initial glamour that a life on the seas might hold for a young man (although this appeal is short-lived for Crusoe). Throughout Robinson Crusoe, travel is a means for escape from the island, for safety when his small boat goes astray, for exploration of his island to discover the capital at his disposal, as a threat of punishment for the mutineers by bringing them back to England and for being in the appropriate places, i.e., Lisbon and London, to conduct business. The different uses of travelling mean that this process of moving through space becomes a hindrance to achieving the desired result, and Crusoe feels obliged to assure the reader that As I have troubled you with none of my Sea-Journals, so I shall trouble you now with none of my Land-Journal . There is an assumption of what the reader wishes to read, and consequently Crusoes travels are edited by an author whose intentions are to provide an instructive example rather than a description of the lands he has seen descriptions which he acknowledges have been conducted by other travellers with much more advantage that I .This distancing of Robinson Crusoe from travel books has led to its autobiographical or allegorical features being stressed. However, most of the novel occurs in regions of the world alien to its readership, and these areas are keenly observed in factual terms, so it is dangerous to dismiss the travel elements of the novel. This is because much of the significance of the novel is held in the assumptions that Crusoe makes about the world he observes. In this respect, Crusoe is one of the cultural productions that created and reinforced European views of the wider world. For instance, when Crusoe expresses surprise that the Eyes of an infinite Power could search into the remotest Corner of the World, and send Help to the Miserable whenever he pleased , it should be noted that his God is Euro-centric, for a universal and omnipresent deity should not distinguish Crusoes island although seemingly remote to European Man from any other place. Gullivers Travels seeks to satirise fiction like Crusoe that presents itself as factual, but is actually a carefully constructed work of fiction. Defoes preface unambiguously claims the work as fact, which can be used didactically;The Editor believes the thing to be a just History of Fact; neither is there any Appearance of Fiction in it: And however thinks, because all such things are dispatchd, that the Improvement of it, as well to the Diversion, as to the Instruction of the Reader, will be the same.Swift observed this emergence of fiction presented as fact as disturbing, not only because of the deception, but because he saw that such creations would enable the promotion of one view of the world above others, even if the content was erroneous. Adventures su ch as Crusoes would sell in greater numbers if the public believed it to be true and Swift saw this as endemic of a commercialised and corrupt society. His response was to have Gulliver insist unswervingly on the truth of his wildly fantastic story, stating that the truth immediately strikes every reader with conviction . Whilst Gullivers deadpan character could have written these words, the voice of Swift comes over more clearly when he assesses his fellow writers:I thought we were already overstocked with books of travels [] I doubted some authors less consulted truth than their own vanity, or interest, or the diversion of ignorant readers. That my story could contain little besides common events, without those ornamental diversions of strange plants, trees, birds, and other animals, or of the barbarous customs and idolatry of savage people, with which most writers abound.Swift observes the objectification of the inhabitants of countries visited by European travellers, and even in the passing description above they are represented pejoratively. Although Gulliver goes to sea to engage in trading activities, he does so as part of a ships company, not as a private trader like Crusoe. When he is shipwrecked and lands on foreign soil he does not assess the land for utility, but as a curious spectator. Throughout the lands he visits, Gulliver attempts to engage with the native population and although he finds himself subjected or deemed inferior he sets out in observing the manners and dispositions of the people, as well as learning their language . He even informs us that he has written extensively about Lilliput for the benefit of an English audience. This desire to learn develops into an anti-travel sentiment when Gulliver wishes that instead of travelling to the Houyhnhnms, they were in a capacity or disposition to send sufficient number of their inhabitants for civilizing Europe. Gullivers role within the novel changes in relation to his surroundings and thei r inhabitants. He is a subject in Lilliput, a novelty in Brobdingnag, a tourist in the lands of Book 3 and a social inferior in the land of the Houyhnhnms. He is also a father and husband who leaves England to get riches, whereby I might maintain myself and my family. Gullivers relationship with the reader changes too, as he can be an informative narrator, an incompetent and comic figure, a mouthpiece for Swift or a trader and imperialist. His views are susceptible to change as Swift sought to satirise different targets. For example, Gulliver is the guardian of liberty when he refuses to assist in attacking Blefescu, but offers the King of Brobdingnag the secret of gunpowder so he can be absolute master of the lives, the liberties, and the fortunes of his people . Therefore, Gulliver cannot be read as a standard characterisation, but used a reference for comparison with his particular situation, enabling Swift to not only satirise contemporary society, but also to condemn man as an animal tending to corruption, pretension, oppression and avarice.The consequences of trade are not a prominent target in Gullivers Travels, but the novels concerns arise out of a society that was increasingly being shaped on the potential benefits of trade. Questions of economic and moral good arose from the rise in trade, and writers engaged in a debate over how best to achieve both these goals. Standard economic thinking throughout the seventeenth-century was that the balance of trade should be engineered so that the maximum quantity of bullion flowed into the country and the least flowed out. This involved increasing domestic manufacture, limiting consumption and importing raw materials rather than consumable products. Consequently the role of traders and imperialists was to found colonies capable of producing capital in the form of currency or raw materials and creating new markets for English goods. Defoe devoted some of his time as a writer and thinker to economics and assumed that, in the words of Peter Earle, more and bigger colonies were a good idea [] to provide much-needed strategic goods, but also to consume the products of England .The simple economic model of the previous century was continually expanding to appreciate the importance of investment in increasing production. This became evident as individual entrepreneurs, aiming to become wealthy, created wealth for others. Robinson Crusoe is an example of what Liz Bellamy describes as the figure who was to become known as the capitalist [] These individuals began to be appreciated as essential to economic progress, rather then being represented as merely passive parasites . Crusoe displays a pragmatic approach to his travels, taking opportunities as they arise. He is not content with simply accumulating the few ounces of gold he brings back from his first voyage, but aims to become an established trader in Guinea. After he is enslaved and escapes he finds himself in Brazil, where he raises capita l by selling the skins of the animals he kills, the wax and guns he has stolen and, in the first example of treating non-Europeans as capital, his servant boy Xury. Once established in Brazil, Crusoe imports English ironwork and acquires a slave. His fortunes are in the ascent and even after over 20 years on his island he still laments the possibilities that eluded him; I might have been worth an hundred thousand Moydors; and what Business had I to leave a settled Fortune, a well-stockd Plantation, improving and encreasing, to turn Supra-Cargo to Guinea, to fetch Negroes . In keeping with Defoes views on economic expansion, Crusoe turns his attentions to slave trading because as Earle observes, In Defoes view of the world slavery was essential. Economic progress in England depended on the development of the American colonies . The moral objections to slavery could be dismissed with the view that God had degraded natives and they were inherently subservient to White Man. Friday seems the model, in Defoes view, of a slave. He instantly understands his inferiority and shows unquestioning compliance with Crusoes wishes when he laid his Head upon the Ground, and taking me by the Foot, set my Foot upon his Head; this it seems was in token of swearing to be my Slave for ever . Whilst Crusoe is gratefully for Fridays companionship, it is primarily his utility that he values. Almost immediately Crusoe ensures that he made it my Business to teach him every Thing, that was proper to make him useful, handy, and helpful .Swifts opposition to colonialism meant that it is the European Gulliver who becomes the object of slavery, either in the Lilliputian design to blind him and use him for labour or in his treatment by the farmer in Brobdingnag; the more my master got by me, the more unsatiable he grew. I had quite lost my stomach, and was almost reduced to a skeleton. Similarly, the Houyhnhnms are shocked by the use of horses in England where they are valued for their abilit y to labour after which they are disposed of and their bodies stripped for capital value. Gulliver comments on the Houyhnhnms response that it is impossible to represent his noble resentment at our savage treatment . Swifts reversal of the common assumptions of nobility and savagery reveals that slavery was only possible when justified by a sense of moral superiority over colonial subjects, which was something he did not have. His anti-colonialism may have been centred on his Irish background, but there is no doubt that he abhorred the principles of economic necessity and moral superiority that underpinned the colonial mission.One area of economic thought concerning trade that Swift and Defoe would have shared views on is the opposition to the consumption of luxuries. Not only did these products come from Englands trading rivals such as France, but they also diverted gold from the colonies and the pockets of the domestic poor. Such trade was therefore viewed as bad economic sense an d morally subversive. If Crusoe is Defoes commercial archetype we can note that throughout the novel he reinvests his capital, lives a prudent lifestyle and moves bullion between colony and mother country, which encourages development in both. Gulliver openly attacks the luxurious and expensive tastes of the rich:England (the dear place of my nativity) was computed to produce three times the quantity of food, more than its inhabitants are able to consume. [] in order to feed the luxury and intemperance of the males, and the vanity of the females, we sent away the greatest part of our necessary things to other countries, from whence in return we brought the materials of diseases, folly and vice, to spend among ourselves. Trade meant that men travelled around the globe as never before and an exchange of goods ensured an exchange of culture. This is most clearly expressed in the Academy of Lagado, where there is a scheme to create a universal language to be understood in all civilised nations, whose goods and utensils are generally of the same kind. If goods and utensils were common internationally and were capable of expressing the meaning necessary for conducting business then the effect of trade on globalisation is evident in 1726.If trade provided the need for colonies, then assumptions of racial and moral superiority justified them. Crusoe exhibits the confidence of the European coloniser in asserting his supremacy over the Savages he encounters throughout his story. A glimpse of Africans is enough to petrify Crusoe, who classifies them below animals; we should be devourd by savage Beasts, or more merciless Savages of humane kind . The prospect of meaningful interaction with them is not desirable for Crusoe, whose thoughts turn immediately to slaughter and enslavement when he sees humans for the first time on his island; if there was twenty I should kill them all: This Fancy pleasd my Thoughts for some Weeks . This desire to kill and enslave is only made pos sible due to a martial superiority. It is Crusoes guns and his obsession with fortifying his property that allow him to confront and subject the native population. But such is Crusoes conviction of his right, he concludes that it is God who has armed him as a pious man confronted by degenerates, quoting as guidance Call upon me in the Day of Trouble, and I will deliver, and thou shalt glorify me. Swifts scathing attack on colonialism in the final chapter of Gullivers Travels directly confronts this kind of colonialism; free licence given to all acts of inhumanity and lust, the earth reeking with the blood of its inhabitants: and this execrable crew of butchers employed in so pious an expedition, is a modern colony sent to convert and civilise an idolatrous and barbarous people. It is Gulliver that receives the uninformed classification that was conducted in European observations of native peoples. He is concluded to have fallen from the stars in Lilliput, to be a piece of clockwork in Brobdingnag and expresses my uneasiness at his giving me so often the appellation of Yahoo. When expressed by an English voice, this process of classification seems unjust and unwise, but for colonial subjects it served to justify their repression.An important tool in this repression is the use of language. The first word Crusoe teaches Friday is Master, so that he can only express his servitude. This is directly reflected during Gullivers stay with the Houyhnhnms; My principal endeavour was to learn the language which my master [ was] desirous to teach me. Gulliver informs the reader that the Houyhnhnms had no words for Power, government, war, law, punishment, and a thousand other things , and this contributes to his ability to boast of having removed that infernal habit of lying, shuffling, deceiving, and equivocating, so deeply rooted in the very souls of all my species, especially the Europeans. For Friday, the principle use of his new language, after being able to understand instructions, is to read the Bible as part of his conversion to Christianity. As Defoes model colonial subject, Friday is thankful of his salvation and he becomes aware of the inferiority of his race;I began to instruct him in the Knowledge of the true God [] and thus by Degrees I opend up his Eyes. He listned with great Attention, and receivd with Pleasure the Notion of Jesus Christ being sent to redeem us[] you teach wild Mans be good sober tame Mans; you tell them know God, pray God, and live new LifeIn a novel that presents itself as fact, this characterisation serves to reinforce the impression of the Savage that it took from earlier tales and assumptions about natives. As a man of God, Swift may have wished to disassociate the spread of Christianity with the colonising mission, and although he does condemn the claim of land in the name of Princes by Divine Right, his opposition to colonialism avoids any criticism of the Church itself.Crusoe often expresses the inherent nature of non-White Man being shaped by God as a form of punishment and he is grateful for not being similarly damned. However, Crusoes own religious conviction appears as a matter of expedience. Although he acknowledges his ignorance of God prior to his fever on the island, when he leaves it his mind and motivations turn to money and his plantations. In England, Crusoes life is expressed in financial terms where the generosity of merchants is more fateful than providence.The assumptions of moral, religious and racial superiority act in Robinson Crusoe to justify the conduct of colonisers who seek to establish trade with England. These assumptions proved to be so convenient that they helped to form the corpus of knowledge that subjected the non-European inhabitants of colonies to slavery and repression. Trade created a desire for wealth and the means of travel and conquest at the disposal of imperialists made that trade possible. Gullivers Travels presents a consistent attack on these ass umptions and the form of writing that created them. Swifts constantly changing angle of attack exposes the pretensions of Europeans and despairs at their inability to appreciate a common human fate. When considering what it would be like to be a Struldbrug, Gulliver is excited by the prospect of observing Barbarity overrunning the politest nations, and the most barbarous become civilised , which at a blow indicates that human existence is cyclic rather than dialectic. This acknowledges that no race or group has the right to suppress another and that the folly of mankind will ensure that poverty will follow wealth and oppression will follow liberty.BibliographyBellamy, Liz. Commerce, Morality and the Eighteenth-Century Novel. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1998Bellamy, Liz. Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992.Earle, Peter. The World of Defoe. Newton Abbot: Readers Union Group of Book Clubs, 1977.Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. Oxfor d: Oxford University Press, 1998.Fabricant, Carole. History, Narrativity, and Swifts project to Mend the World, in Gullivers Travels. Ed. Christopher Fox. New York: St. Martins Press, 1995.Hunter, J Paul. Before Novels. New York: Norton, 1990.Novak, Maximillian. Daniel Defoe: Master of Fictions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage, 1993.Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. New York: Signet Classic, 1999.

Non-Political Revolutions - 734 Words

Through history, there has been revolutions that have affected the world in many different ways. There is two kind of revolutions political revolutions ,that are changes to the government, and non political revolution, that are intellectual, economic or social changes. The non political revolutions are important because they had shaped the way we all think, act and work in the actuality. Some of those non political revolutions are the enlightenment that was a change in the way that everybody thinked; and the Industrial revolution in Europe that changed the way goods were produced. The enlightenment was an intellectual movement that brought an age of reason to the world that occurred during the 17th and 18th centuries. First, this†¦show more content†¦This revolution created a strong middle class and took the power away from the monarchy and gave to the entrepreneurs that invested their money in order to get what they wanted, by hiring with it people that needed it. 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The Roaring Twenties Essay - 836 Words

The Roaring Twenties Rarely has the world seen such a unique decade in time as the Roaring Twenties. It was an age of prosperity and change. The United States experienced a recession that was followed by a period of unlimited prosperity. Although the United States encountered both positive and negative experiences, it proved to be very influential in the future. The 1920s were definitely Roaring in more ways than one. There were major changes in American Society during the 1920s that took place. Many new industries emerged during this decade that influenced society and the American way of life. Even the federal government had different feelings about the business industry. The characteristics of this decade made the 1920s†¦show more content†¦The eighteenth amendment was adopted in 1919 and took effect in 1920. During Prohibition, rival gangs in many gig cities tried to control the illegal sale of alcohol. Al ?Scarface? Capone and George ?Bugs? Moran were known as the 20th Century Gangst ers. In 1929, on Valentines Day, Al Capone?s men dressed up in police uniforms and shot members of the Moran gang. Prohibition during the Roaring Twenties was one of many changes that American Society encountered. One of the major assessments that changed American Society was the Stock Market Crash of 1929. In the early 1920?s the stock market skyrocketed because of the average individual investor. Prices on the New York stock began to surge ahead. Americans felt like they could make a lot of money by investing it in banks. This led investors to pour all of their savings into common stocks. Later in September, the market wavered and a drastic downward change took place in the stock market. Banks were shut down and investors lost all of their savings literally overnight. The stock market crash of 1929 was a drastic economic event that Americans still fear could happen again. 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Sports Economics

Introduction Every organization and every event needs to be structured properly for successful completion and evaluation. Whether it is business or sports, the appropriate structure and the framework is to be adopted properly with the correct attainment of features. MLS is Major League Soccer which is a professional league of Soccer in United States and Canada. The league is one of the sports league in USA and it comprises of 19 teams among which, 16 teams are from US and 3 teams are from Canada. The League is founded in the year 1993 and this league is affiliated and sanctioned by US Soccer Federation. The teams can play in other major cups also like US Open Cup, Canadian Champion ship, CONCACAF Champions league. Instead of the initial financial and operational problems in the first few years and there were some major transformations at that period. After the changes, MLS has expanded in terms of financial and structural attributes and with the specific objective by the owners, the evolution has been incurred perfectly (Cairns, et al, 1990). Instead of the different owners for the different teams, MLS works as a single entity and each team is owned and controlled by the leagues investors. These investors or operators control their teams just like the owners control their teams in other major leagues and thus t he organizational structure and the different business and economical attributes are also different for the MLS. Here the different business proposition and attributes with the economic and management perspective are discussed and analysed and those will help to understand the restructure the future strategies or different future framework for MLS (Cairns, et al, 1990). Organizational structure of MLS MLS follows a unique structure among all the leagues present in North America. MLS is operated by single body structure. All the clubs who have joined with MLS are considered as the part of business entity. There is only a single ownership present for the existing clubs within MLS. All the existing clubs under the league are operated and controlled by the league itself. The existing clubs under the league can operate independently and they can organize their operation independently. The activities which are done by the front office are considered as the accountability of the club. The Board of Directors are also considered as the accountability of the league. The major shareholder group or the owners belong to the league itself. The company is recently adopting the expansion strategy by adding more clubs under the league. There is a culture among the league to share the revenue and profits among the clubs of the league. Presently, the league consists of 19 clubs out of them 16 clubs belong to USA and the remaining 3 belong to Canada. Though the clubs get the opportunity to run the daily operation independently but the control lies in the hand of the league itself. In case, the contracts between the players are required to be reviewed and even in case of establishing new contracts the league will take every decisions. The players contracts are made centrally and the clubs cannot take any decisions regarding this. The Major League Soccer maintains a franchise model in which the clubs under the Major league Soccer are accountable to provide franchise fees to the league. Generally, the North American clubs enjoy more liberty than the European clubs but, Major Soccer League is known as the one vital exception. The player Union consists of the labours of five different leagues and those are The National Football League Players Association, The National Basketball and Hockey Association, The major league soccer association and finally the Major League Basketball playe rs Association forms the labour Union. The economic and financial integration are happened by the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) among the players of the clubs and the leagues. The CBA process lasts for five years and the process of re-negotiation among the players and the league owners can create a hindrance in the progress of the organization. The organization structure can be observed from the view point of productivity and the productivity of the league comes from two distinct bases and those are, the team base and the league base. First the club owners used to develop the skills and strengths for their players but any individual club is unable to produce long term profits. The second stage of organizational production function then consists of the league structure and performance (Demmert, 1973). Literature on sports economics in respect of MLS There are two dimensions present in the sports economics which signifies the level of competition in the sports market or the rules and regulations adopted by the sports market. The first dimension is related to the labour market where the movement of the players are highly regulated and the second dimension is the regulation implemented in the finance market. The finance market refers to that market which signifies the revenue collection either individually or collectively (Kesenne, 2010). The central body has the power to collect and distribute the revenues among the existing clubs. The two-dimensional model can provide four possible outcomes. The revenue collection may be done by the competitor team and can be retained by them without distributing the revenue amount. The two dimensional framework which can raise four different types of possibilities can be shown by the above diagram. The 1st quadrant in the above diagram represents the free market where the finance market and the labour market are unregulated in nature (Cairns, et al, 1990). The home team is responsible for collecting the revenue but for example, the television promotions can be managed by the individual clubs. The quadrant two represents the unregulated type of labour market and the regulated type of finance market. Whatever the revenue will come can be used to redistribute those among the poorly structured clubs and teams but in this system the players would have the choice to choose the clubs where they want to play. The quadrant 3 represents the regulated labour market and the regulated finance market and this is considered as the mostly regulated and tight market scenario. Quadrant four finally, represents the unregulated finance and restricted labour market. The players contribution should be equally distributed and the talent of the players will also be equally distributed among the participating team (Rascher, 2012). The sources of revenues are generated in the North American context from different broad sources and those are selling of the tickets, second source is the facility based revenue which signifies that with the improved facilities the demand of the games would be increased and thus sports expenditure would also increase. The concept of transfer payment does not present in the context of North America and most of the leagues encourage prohibition of selling the players for cash (Cairns, et al, 1990). The ticket sales along with the fees for media rights, television and broadcasting rights etc are the major sources of the revenues of the company. The leagues have evaluated new form of earning revenues including the premium ticket selling, by introducing the luxury boxes and by introducing the club seats. The club seats refer to the special seating arrangement which is arranged in a special area of the club. The premium tickets are sold almost two to four times more than the normal ticket prices. Sponsorship is another source of obtaining revenue by the league (Sloane, 2006). In the sports economics it is argued about which objective a firm or a lunge should follow. One objective is the profit maximization objective which is considered as the basic objective of any economy. The second objective is the utility maximization objective which is required for the long term development of an organization. For determining the price of the tickets the league depends on the long term objectives of the business. The wages that are required to offer to the employees also depend on the broader objective of the organization. Most of the economists have observed that American leagues are dependent on the utility maximization approach. For satisfying the needs and requirements of the stakeholders of the leagues the leagues follow the profit maximization objectives as the profit maximization is the prime objective of any organization (Ferguson, et al, 2001). For the clubs under MLS winning the match will always signify a prestigious issue. Every league will prefer a wealt hy and prestigious franchise house. The clubs are therefore needs to apply a equilibrium market structure where the prices and the wage level would be fixed in accordance to both the profit maximizing objective and the utility maximizing objective. The economic effect of the sports lies in the broader sense and many economists have argued that, the introduction of new stadiums are not able to generate the economic welfare to the local areas but in the broader sense the soccer can introduce economic welfare on the country basis. Business Management within MLS The Major League Soccer is one of the major games or sport activity within US as stated before and this league is followed by a numerous number of people within the region. The average attendance is also higher than the attendance in NBA and other sports. The league has been profitable from the time of demonstrating single entity ownership structure within the league. The umbrella marketing and media and advertising scenario has also helped to demonstrating profits for the company. The league has developed the infrastructure for the stadiums and the play grounds and with them, more advertisement or ownerships has expanded. The league is now being shown in ESPN network with a long term seal signed and MP and Silva is also appointed with a partnership right for the television broadcasting. The league is also being sponsored by Adidas and many more company and also most every team has a separate sponsor for them. These also help to increase the profitability and the business structure f or the Major League Soccer. The teams are operated separately and for each team, there is an operational or business partner present within the league. Few teams have acquired also breakeven in the year 2012 and according to Forbes, the teams will be also more profitable due to the increase in soccer and the league within the people. The league also control costs by introducing the share revenues among the franchises and holds player contracts despite of players being contracted by the individual teams. The business strategy of the league is more concentrated into holistic marketing rather than individualistic marketing. The Major League Soccer is a private business entity and it does not publish the revenue or the share details to the public (Demmert,1973). So the public disclosure and the business strategy are more concentrated with the single entity ownership business approach and this will include the future consideration and policies for profitable league operations. Assessment of organization performance and structure in MLS IN the other major leagues like La Liga, BPL, Bundesliga etc. the organizational structure is more into perfect competition status and the owners of the clubs are also into individualistic approach. The leagues are bounded by the owners and their funding as the owners also find high risks attached with the operation of the clubs (Dietl and Lang, 2008). If an owner wants to direct the risk or the liquidity to other options, they are limited. No individual club owner is economically viable to approach or invest in other forms of business with the up growing risks attached to the club in those leagues other than selling the club. Thus specific league status and to safeguard the investors into the leagues, a different framework or process ne implied and applied with the leagues. The hold u risks and the cost to the owner are sometimes great and thus the leagues are also affected by the owners and stakeholders decisions (Szymanski and Ross, 2007). Therefore, classical form of the leagues can be more implemented and addressed as the value chain would be more under unified ownership and the owners can distribute the risks with associated teams for getting better performance and better stability within the leagues. An alternative business organization and organizational structure of vertical integration can be implemented within perception. The value chain can be more admired with the forward integration for the activities like team development into cup run or championship production. The back ward integration can be also seen as the introduction of the league owners into the leagues (Dietl and Lang, 2008). In the Major League Soccer of US, there is a single entity for commencing the league strategies and objectives and for doing that, voting is taken. The democratic issues within the League are more into accessible and adoptable rather than the other leagues. The participants are the club owners and they are more into owning the league rather than owning the single club. In this organizational structure, the risk is less and the clubs can be more prosperous with the perfect competition and endeavours attained by the owners (Downward and Dawson, 2000). This business consideration is unique and the owners do have the risks distributed within the clubs equally. There are also proper policies and rules to distribute the wealth or salary among the players. Apart from the designated player, core players or key player policies, all the players are in the same league or in the same salary caps. The team owners are also responsible for structuring the league with the financial and management pr ocesses and thus these improvements are to be observed within the Major League Soccer in US. There are also proper training and development activities which are integrated within the Major League Soccer and these helps to improve or emerge new young players within the soccer world. There is additional advertisers or fundraisers present in the league to introduce funds for the development and achievement of the league (Vrooman, 1995). Discussion and conclusion The above discussion of the events is examined by different frameworks and different techniques to understand the impact of the Major League Soccer in US with the appropriate relevance to the structure of the league. As seen from the discussion, the structure and organizational framework is different from the other major leagues and the league organization and proposition is also different from the others. The Major League Soccer is organized on the single entity and the owners own the league rather than the clubs individually and this activity is better in some points of organizational strategies (Dietl and Lang, 2008). The major change or difference is in the light of structure and strategies with the business orientation. The clubs are also been equally judged and synchronised by the owners and the league organization committee is responsible as the central authority for the teams and the players (Downward and Dawson, 2000). This structure implies the appropriate distribution of p ower and risks. But it is also responsible for the delaying of decisions or strategic implementation of the policies. As per the voting or decision taking rights, the single entity league structure is more adoptable and suitable to justify fair chance and structure of the leagues. But the salary caps or the decisions are to be more lenient or at par with other major leagues and the players and the clubs are to be more adjustable with the requirement. Other than that, no permanent restructuring is needed to be emphasised within the Major League Soccer.